Opinion Creative Commons, CC-BY
Bio Polymerization as One of The Stimulation Cause of The Cancer Cell Multiplication
*Corresponding author: Zurab V Wardosanidze, Institute of Cybernetics of the Georgian Technical University LEPL Physicotechnical Institute named after Ilya Vekua Sukhumi Georgia.
Received: December 29, 2019; Published: February 03, 2020
DOI: 10.34297/AJBSR.2020.07.001125
Abstract
A possible mechanism of the occurrence of cancerous tumors in the body is proposed, according to which one of the reasons is the uncontrolled
Introduction
As it is known one of the general properties of the carcinogen materials and other influencers on the cancer evolution is their polymerizing properties. Therefore, we can assume that one of the factors stimulating the process of blocking of intercellular feedback is the bio polymerization process. Carcinogenic materials and other factors contribute to the blocking of intercellular metabolism and exchange of genetic information what complicates the genetic balance of biological processes [1] . As a result, the management of genetic processes by the central nervous system is weakened. After a certain concentration of carcinogenic substances and other factors acting on the cells, an uncontrolled polymerization process occurs, for example, of the membrane system between cells, and an uncontrolled process of cell reproduction begins, that is, cancer growth and the appearance of metastases. So, one of the important mechanisms of the cancer generation must be uncontrolled additional process of bio polymerization in the organism [2] .
Overview
Let’s list of the some carcinogens - substances of various chemical structures that can cause malignant tumors (cancer) and/ or benign neoplasms: Aflatoxins; Benzene; Benz (a) pyrenes; Vinyl chloride; Dioxins; Nitrates, nitrites; Cadmium and its compounds; Peroxides; Formaldehyde and so on. All of these materials are activators of polymerization processes.
Most chemical carcinogens are organic compounds, only a small number of inorganic substances have this ability [3] . According to Miller, all carcinogens are, to one degree or another, electrophiles that easily interact with nucleophilic groups of nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids, in particular DNA, forming strong covalent bonds with them. The negative effects of carcinogens are manifested in the chemical modification of nucleic acids [4] . The consequences of such modifications are manifested in the impossibility of the proper course of DNA transcription and replication, which leads to the formation of the so-called DNA adducts associated with it. For example, in the replication of modified DNA, nucleotides that are associated with a carcinogen may not be read correctly by DNA polymerase, resulting in mutations. The accumulation of a large number of mutations in the genome leads to the transformation of normal cells into tumor cells, which is carcinogenesis.
Chemical carcinogens can be divided into two large groups:
a) Genotoxical
b) Non-genotoxical
Genotoxic carcinogens are chemical compounds in the interaction of which with DNA components can cause damage and mutations of the cell genome [5] . Mutations in turn can lead to the formation of tumor cells. Non-toxic carcinogens are chemicals that can cause damage to the genome only in high concentrations, with a very long and almost continuous exposure [6] . They cause uncontrolled cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, disrupt the interaction between cells (cell adhesion). Most non-genotoxic carcinogens are carcinogenesis promoters, such as organochlorine pesticides, hormones, fibrous materials, asbestos, especially dust.
According to the mode of action, genotoxic carcinogens can be divided into:
i. Substances containing alkyl and acetylating substances- N-nitrosyl alkylurea (NAM), epoxides (especially PAHs), ethyleneimine and its derivatives, chloroethylamine, etc.).
ii. indirect - low-activity substances that form covalently bound DNA adducts only after enzymatic activation, which occurs with the formation of highly active electrophilic metabolites that can interact with nucleophilic DNA groups (PAHs and their derivatives).
The most famous physical carcinogens are various types of ionizing radiation (α, β, γ radiation, x-ray x radiation, neutron radiation, proton radiation, cluster radioactivity, ion fluxes, fission fragments), although they are also used to treat cancer. Ultraviolet is completely absorbed by the skin, and therefore can only cause melanoma. Whereas ionizing radiation, freely penetrating into the body, can cause radiogenic tumors of any tissues and organs of the body (quite often hematopoietic, due to high sensitivity). Microwave radiation.
The role of biological factors in carcinogenesis is not as great as that of chemical and physical factors, but in the etiology of some malignant tumors it is very significant [7] . So, up to 25% of cases of primary liver cancer in Asia and Africa are associated with hepatitis B virus infection. About 300,000 cases of cervical cancer per year and a significant proportion of cases of cancer of the penis are associated with sexually transmitted papillomaviruses (primarily HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-33). Approximately 30-50% of cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma are associated with damage to the human body by the Epstein-Barr virus.
In the 1990s, convincing data were obtained on the dependence of most varieties of gastric cancer on infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori [8] . In any case, all processes of initiation and propagation of cancer cells can be associated with uncontrolled processes of bio polymerization.
Conclusion
According to the author, the role of polymerization processes in the body should be taken into account when studying and treating cancer [9] . From this point of view, one should look for ways to slow down or reverse the polymerization processes in the body. Based on the author’s many years of experience, one of the most effective ways to prevent and treat cancer is the effects of passive radiation on the body in the optical range of 0.6-0.90.6-0.9μm of the corresponding lasers or LED which increase the activity of weak intermolecular bonds.
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