Features of the Food Status of Residents of St Petersburg

The sociological research of the food status of St. Petersburg residents was conducted by the St. Petersburg information and analysis center together with nutritional service of the city [4]. Method of data collection: the standardized telephone interview with use of the CATI system. Respondents were asked about the data on growth, body weight value, a way of life, educations, income, the frequency of consumption of salt, the products enriched with vitamins and biologically active agents. The diet was analyzed on meal frequency during the day, regularities of meal for breakfast, time when the respondent eats the main volume of food during the day and time of the last meal before going to bed. Also, daily volume of consumption of different groups of products was analyzed by the population of St. Petersburg. Summary


Group
The population of SPb older than 18 years, 1200 people (674 women, 526 men), quote (on gender and age). Youth: men and women from 18 to 29 years. Socially active at mature age: men from 30 to 60 years and women from 30 to 55 years. Pensioners: men of 60 years are also more senior; women of 55 years also are more senior. The receive mode of food and structure of a power supply during the day among different social and demographic groups of the population was analyzed. The maximum error of selection at the level of 95% is ± 2.9% and was determined with use of the program STATISTIKA.

Results and Discussion
According to estimates of the of growth and body weight which were provided by the interviewed residents of St. Petersburg, nearly a half (45.6%) of them have deviations of body mass index from norm towards increase in weight. Increase in body mass index from norm happens to increase in age of respondents. At men, according to their estimates, excess body weight comes to light by 1.6 times more often than at women, women face a problem of obesity slightly more often (17.1% and 23.5% accordingly). Manifestation of a hypotrophy, then at men is also a little more characteristic of women (0.9% and 4.9% accordingly). Among youth (74.5%) the share of persons is big for whom BMI corresponds to criteria of norm. In group of socially active inhabitants at mature age 28.6% has excess body weight and 18.7% with obesity. That makes about a half (47.3%) of persons with excess body weight at this age.
Among pensioners there is the highest level of obesity -35.5%.
The problem of a hypotrophy is not considerable, its existence is characteristic of 3.2% of respondents. 24.7% -four. Every third (33.3%) in the diet recedes from the recommended norms, eating food 2 times a day and less often (21.7%), 5 times a day and are more often (11.3%). In each of three considered age groups more than 60% adhere to the recommended diet, eating food three-four times a day. Among pensioners (13.8%) the lowest share of those who eat 2 times a day and less. Petersburg residents at socially active mature age of such diet adhere more often than youth (27.8% against 20.0%), [8]  The leader in daily consumption of pasta, cereals, bread and potatoes is pensioners, which is related to their income level. Consumption of fats and sweets is minimal in low-income population groups. In the weekly diet, fats and sweets are more common in group of high-income Petersburg residents (45% versus 30.5% -35.9%). Also, in high-income population less often refuse to consume dairy products (9.7% against 15.7% -16.7%).
Fats and sweets, as well as pasta, cereals, bread and potatoes, are more often present in the daily diet of persons without higher education. Petersburg residents with higher education less likely exclude dairy products, vegetables and fruits from nutrition. The absolute majority (75.3%) of citizens believe that unsustainable nutrition is harmful and can cause severe diseases. Women, young people and those with higher education are somewhat more likely to be convinced.