Experimental Cancer Models

It is a mammary gland-derived tumor, especially in Spraque Dawley rats, by thesis dose administration using dimethylbanz (a) anthracene (DMBA) of polycyclic hydrocarbons 7,12. Female rats aged 8-10 weeks are administered by gavage by dissolving in 1 ml of sesame oil, corresponding to 12-20 mg of DMBA per animal. This method, which shows good adhesion with respect to the dose, is a useful method to evaluate the effects of anticancerogenic agents. However, 60% of the model created by DMBA application is carcinoma and 40% is benign fibroadenoma. Abstract Treatments in the field of cancer are continuously improving. No matter which model is used, using animal models in drug development research has become a necessity. Although cell culture and molecular biology have become prominent in recent years, the responses of metabolism to the drugs used have necessitated the use of an animal model in research. The use of spontaneous or transplanted tumors with chemical carcinogens is common in experimental cancer studies. In recent years, with the introduction of transgenic animal models, scientific and commercial developments are taking place. In this article, we will examine the methods used in experimental cancer models.


Introduction
Cancer is an increasingly important health problem all over the world and causes both material and moral losses for people [1].

Diagnosis of cancer causes psychological problems and medical
interventions applied throughout the process may adversely affect the lives of patients [2]. Decrease in quality of life, psychological problems, especially depression and anxiety are mostly experienced [3].
Cancer is a disease that accounts for a significant proportion of deaths worldwide, despite significant advances in medical technology for its diagnosis and treatment [4]. Commonly used treatments for cancer treatment are chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery [5].
In general, after the diagnosis of cancer, the effects of the stages during and after treatment are evaluated separately [6]. Studies for the newly diagnosed cancer stage vary. In experimental studies, experimental animals are frequently used for clinical observations [7,8]. In animal experiments for cancer treatments, often plant extracts have an important place in research [9][10][11].
This method was first used in 1955, and until 1970, more than 400 thousand compounds were tested with the P388 Leukemia model.

L1210 Leukemia
When DBA / 2 mice are administered intraperitoneally in 3-methylclonathrene (20 mg / kg) ethyl ether, the lymphoid is formed. This method has been used since 1948. The potential for tumor formation is very high. As in the P388 Leukwmi model, CD2F1 mice can be passaged by intraperitoneal administration. 0.1 ml suspension contains 1x10 5 cells.

DMCA-Induced Breast Tumor
It is a mammary gland-derived tumor, especially in Spraque This method, which shows good adhesion with respect to the dose, is a useful method to evaluate the effects of anticancerogenic agents. However, 60% of the model created by DMBA application is carcinoma and 40% is benign fibroadenoma.

DMH (1.2 Dimethylhydrazine) is a column-specific carcinogen
and a toxic chemical that pollutes the environment. When 20 mg / kg DMH in 1 ml EDTA is administered by subcutaneous injection to the groin area, a model of cancer similar to colon cancer in humans is formed. 32. Adenocarcinoma structure is seen at histopathological examination at the end of the week.

Gastric cancer
After intraperitoneal injection of 100 ppm N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) into 6-week-old rats, MX Furanone is added to the animals by adding 30 ppm of drinking water. Adenocarcinoma type cancer model emerges after 57 weeks of application. Increased cell proliferation in the gastric mucosal epithelium and atypical hyperplasias in the pylori are seen.     This model is difficult to construct. months and examined liver tumors [13].
Lung cancer xenograft models, transgenic animal models, syngenic models and chemical lung tumor formation characteristics are examined [15].

Conclusion
As a result, preclinical research is continuing in many fields such as cancer formation, development, metastasis, immune system response, cancer drug therapy and many researches are being done to solve the molecular and cellular structure of cancer.
Which cancer type will be searched, which cell type to look for, whether there are genetic abnormalities Whether tissue is specific to a particular developmental time and tissue, whether spatial and temporal expression of a target gene should be controlled, the microenvironment of the tumor and the potential for metastasis should be considered.