Analysis of the Influence of Extended Breastfeeding Care on Maternal Physiological and Psychological Status

Objective: To analyze the effect of the application of extended breastfeeding care on maternal psychological and physiological status. Design: A total of 100 parturient women who delivered in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with 50 cases in each group. Methods: The control group was given routine obstetric care, and the study group was given extended breastfeeding care. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) anxiety score, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) depression score, success rate of exclusive breastfeeding and incidence of postpartum adverse events were compared between groups. Results: The SAS anxiety score and SDS depression score of the two groups before nursing were included in the comparison between the two groups, and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05); after nursing, the study group had significantly lower scores than the control group (P ＜ 0.05). The success rate of pure breastfeeding in the study group was 94%, which was higher than the rate of 72% in the control group; the incidence of postpartum adverse events in the study group was 6%, which was significantly lower than the rate of 26% identified in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions: The application of extended breastfeeding care can improve the negative emotions of postpartum women, reduce the incidence of postpartum adverse events and improve the success rate of exclusive breastfeeding.


Introduction
Breastmilk, which contains a large number of trace elements and antibodies, is important for newborns to obtain nutrition and can improve the resistance of newborns to external pathogenic factors; breastmilk is also helpful for growth and development.
However, work pressure and the fast pace of life cause many women to return to work soon after delivery, leaving no time to take care of the newborn. As a result, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is decreasing, and the physical condition of newborns is generally satisfactory [1,2]. Although routine obstetric care can ensure a good breastfeeding rate during hospitalization, after discharge, women receive little attention. We provided extended breastfeeding care for pregnant women to ensure that the pregnant women can be supervised and managed after discharge; thus, the breastfeeding rate was significantly improved. One hundred pregnant women who delivered in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were enrolled to analyze the effect of extended breastfeeding care on maternal psychological and physiological status.

Methods
The control group was given routine obstetric care: Health education on breastfeeding was given to pregnant women after delivery, the women were guided to master the correct nursing posture, a reasonable diet was arranged for pregnant women to ensure adequate nutritional support for postpartum women, the perineum or abdominal incision was recommended to be cleaned frequently to prevent infection, and the requirements of maternal work and rest in order to promote faster recovery were discussed.
In the study group, extended breastfeeding care was added. After 1. The women were guided to have full rest and a reasonable diet; understand wound healing, lochia discharge and pelvic floor muscle recovery; actively communicate with medical staff; understand the problems associated with breastfeeding and receive answers; and receive guidance for correction of wrong behaviors.

2.
The objective was to understand the psychological status of the women, to give them encouragement and comfort, to encourage them to breastfeed for at least half a year and guide them to add supplementary food in a timely manner [3].

Main outcome measures
The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) anxiety score, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) depression score, success rate of exclusive breastfeeding and incidence of postpartum adverse events were compared between groups. The SAS and SDS were used to evaluate anxiety and depression. There were 20 items for both scales; the scores were graded from 1 to 4, the sum was calculated, rounded, and multiplied by 1.25 to obtain the final score. The higher the score, the more serious the anxiety and depression; if the SAS score is greater than 50 points or the SDS score is greater than 53 points, the individual can be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or depression, respectively. Postpartum adverse events mainly include constipation, mastitis, uterine involution and so on.

Statistical methods
All the data were processed by SPSS 22.0 software, the percentage n (%) is used to express count data, which were analyzed using the chi-square test; continuous data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) (x±s) and were analyzed by the t-test.

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SAS anxiety score and SDS depression score
The SAS anxiety score and SDS depression score of the two groups before nursing were included in the comparison between the two groups, and no significant difference was observed (P＞0.05); the two groups were compared again after nursing, and there was a significant difference (P＜0.05) ( Table 1).

Success rate of exclusive breastfeeding and incidence of postpartum adverse events
The success rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the study group was 94% higher than that in the control group; the incidence of postpartum adverse events in the study group was 6%, which was lower than the rate of 26% observed in the control group, and there were significant differences (P<0.05) ( Table 2).

Discussion
Antibodies such as IgA in breast milk can improve the immunity of newborns, so breastfeeding is important for newborns. For the postpartum women, the sucking of the newborn can stimulate the maternal body and promote the secretion of prolactin and uterine contraction to accelerate milk secretion, uterine involution and lochia discharge [4,6,7]. However, an increasing number of women are unable to breastfeed for various reasons, which makes postpartum women prone to lochia, uterine involution and infectious diseases. The control group chose to receive routine care at the hospital and did not continue to receive supervision after discharge, so the maternal breastfeeding rate was reduced, and the postpartum women were more prone to adverse emotions and adverse events. The study group received extended breastfeeding care that provided maternal guidance regarding rest, diet, exercise and other aspects to allow them to better recover after delivery.
Additionally, regular on-site and telephone follow-up were carried out for pregnant women to urge them to breastfeed. Moreover, real- improve infants and young children's growth and development [8][9][10]. Our results also suggest that the success rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the study group was higher than that in the control group (94% vs 72%), the incidence of postpartum adverse events was lower than that of the control group (6% vs 26%), and the SDS score and SAS score after nursing were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The findings reflect the positive influence of extended breastfeeding care on the maternal physiological and psychological state. The results are consistent with other studies [11,12].