The Lungs’ Surprising Role in Blood Cell Formation

Opinion

Recent pioneering research has revealed a previously overlooked function of the lungs in blood cell production, challenging the longstanding assumption that the bone marrow is the exclusive site of hematopoiesis. Research indicates that the lungs have Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) that can generate red blood cells and platelets equivalent to bone marrow [1-3]. In murine models, the lungs generate almost fifty percent of platelets, emphasizing their substantial role in hematopoiesis [1,2].

This discovery paves the way for a deeper understanding of hematological disorders and may lead to the development of improved therapies, such as stem cell transplants [1]. The findings suggest that lung-derived HSCs may serve as a crucial reservoir for hematopoiesis, adapting to physiological demands such as recovery from injury or illness [1].

The lungs have been discovered to generate platelets essential for preventing coagulation and hemorrhage. Research in murine models has demonstrated that the lungs generate platelets, with megakaryocytes within the pulmonary vasculature responsible for their production [1]. This letter highlights the lungs’ dual role in hematopoiesis, specifically in the formation of platelets, as well as their primary function in gas exchange. The investigations do not indicate that the lungs predominantly generate red or white blood cells, which are primarily formed in the bone marrow [2].

Historically, bone marrow has been regarded as the principal location for hematopoiesis, encompassing the production of erythrocytes and thrombocytes [2]. Recent results reveal that the lungs contain HSCs capable of generating these cells, suggesting a dual role in hematopoiesis [1]. This discovery indicates that bone marrow is not the exclusive origin of blood cells. Still, the lungs may act as an auxiliary or even primary source under some circumstances, potentially transforming stem cell transplantation methodologies [1,3].

We anticipate more investigation of this integrated biology and its ramifications for human health.

Acknowledgment

None.

Conflict of Interest

None.

References

1. Lefrançais E, Ortiz Muñoz G, Caudrillier A, Mallavia B, Liu F, et al. (2017) The lung is a site of platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic progenitors. Nature 544(7648): 105-109.
2. Reichard A, Wanner N, Farha S, Asosingh K (2023) Hematopoietic stem cells and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the lungs. Cytometry A103(12): 967-977.
3. Kwon M, Kim BS, Yoon S, Oh SO, Lee D (2024) Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche in Bone Marrow. Int J Mol Sci 25(13): 6837.